Characterization of 554 Mexican Patients With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: Descriptive Study.

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects and the most common craniofacial malformation worldwide. The most common orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) and isolated cleft palate (CP). The incidence of OFCs varies depending on region and ethnicity; however, it affects approximately 1 in 600 newborns worldwide. In most cases, CL ± P and CP are multifactorial congenital malformations, where both exogenous and genetic factors play an important role. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of potential risk factors associated with the development of CL ± P and CP in Mexican population. Patients were referred for multisystemic treatment, from private and public institutions in different regions of the country (center, north, and south). Sociodemographic information, prenatal and parental history were obtained through direct interviews with the patients or the patients' mothers in the case of underaged patients. Referred patients were invited to participate in the study. No interventions were applied for this study. The relationship between these factors and the prevalence of CL ± P and CP was studied. A total of 554 patients were included, the majority with CLP (30% to 7%), statistically significant differences were found for folic acid ( P = 0.02) consumption. Familial aggregation did not reach statistical significance for first-degree family members ( P = 0.34) but was significant for second-degree family members ( P = 0.007). More risk factors associated with CL ± P and CP may still be unknown, prompting more epidemiological research and research in other little-studied areas, such as; specific genetic factors in Mexican population.

Factores de riesgo en pacientes con fisura de labio y paladar en México. Estudio en 209 pacientes / Risk factors associated with cleft lip and palate in Mexico. A 209 patient analysis

Introducción y objetivo: El labio hendido (con o sin paladar hendido asociado) y el paladar hendido aislado afectan a 1 de cada 600 recién nacidos en el mundo. Su etiología es multifactorial e intervienen factores de medioambiente, sociodemográficos y genéticos.El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer una relación entre los distintos tipos de fisuras labio-palatinas y diversos factores de riesgo asociados a su prevalencia en México.Material y método.Estudiamos 209 pacientes de diferentes edades con diagnóstico de labio y paladar hendido, atendidos en hospitales generales públicos y privados de las regiones del norte, centro y sur de la república mexicana. Obtuvimos los datos de los pacientes a través de entrevistas a madres o tutores en los menores de edad y por entrevista directa a los mayores de edad.Resultados.El 47.8% fueron mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 8.9 ± 7.3 años. Del total, 163 (78%) tenían diagnóstico de fisura labio-palatina, y 46 (22%) de fisura de labio o paladar aislados. La edad de la madre al momento del embarazo infuyó en la mayor prevalencia de la fisura labio-palatina. Los antecedentes familiares de fisuras labio-palatinas también determinaron mayor porcentaje de pacientes con labio + paladar hendido que con el padecimiento aislado (41.1% frente a 26.1% respectivamente).Conclusiones.Consideramos que, dado que la edad de la madre al momento del embarazo es un factor directamente asociado a la prevalencia de la fisura labio-palatina, los estudios derivados de Salud Pública son fundamentales, particularmente aquellos que tratan sobre el embarazo de alto riesgo (madre adolescente y madre de edad avanzada). (AU)

Background and objective: Cleft lip and palate are associated with several factors including demographic and genetic factors among others. The estimated prevalence of the disease is 1-600 worldwide.Our aim is to study the relationship between the prevalence of cleft lip and palate and several factors associated to the disease in Mexico.Methods.A total of 209 patients with cleft lip and palate (isolated or combined) were included. Patients were referred from both public and private hospitals. Data were collected through direct interview and questionnaire with patientes´ mother or parent.Results.In our study, 47.8% patients were female. Mean age was 8.9 ± 7.3 years old; 163 patients (78%) had a combined cleft-lip and palate, and 46 (22%) had an isolated cleft lip or palate. Mother´s age was directly associated with the prevalence of cleft lip and palate. The history of facial clefts in the family was also directly related to the presence of a combined cleft, in contrast to an isolated cleft. (41.1% vs 26.1% respectively).Conclusions.In our study, both cleft lip and palate were directly related to the age of the mother. Thus, we believe that future studies should address the importance of preventive measures and treatment in the woman with a high-risk pregnancy (such as adolescent teens with pregnancy and elderly women). (AU)

Anatomical Reconstruction in Bilateral Cleft Lip With Mendoza Technique.

: The bilateral cleft lip (BCL) is the most severe manifestation of orofacial clefts. Multiple techniques have been described to reconstruct BCL to obtain good aesthetic and functional results with minimal complications. OBJECTIVE: Description of surgical technique for BCL reconstruction and present the postoperative results obtained. METHODS: Patients with BCL of the cleft lip and palate at ABC Medical Center from June 2013 to June 2017 operated with Mendoza bilateral cheiloplasty were included. The procedure includes an anatomical reconstruction of the lip with minimal resection of tissue, alignment of the orbicularis muscle, vestibule creation, and complete use of the prolabium. The evaluation was carried out by photographs analyzing parameters of quality, symmetry, and alignment of lip and nose structures. RESULTS: The authors included 36 patients, 15 women and 16 men. The average procedure time was 57 minutes. Photographs were evaluated 1 year postoperatively, symmetry in lip was observed in 91.6% of the patients, muscle continuity in 100%, deep gingivolabial sulcus in 94.5% of cases, closed nasal floor in 100% with no presence of nasovestibular fistulas. CONCLUSIONS: This technique allows an anatomical BCL reconstruction with good aesthetic and functional results.

[Congenital anomaly band, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Case report]. / Banda congénita anómala una patología rara de obstrucción intestinal en niños. Caso clínico.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction in children may be congenital, acquired, intrinsic or extrinsic. Most intestinal obstructions in children are the result of postoperative adhesions. Those caused by anomalous congenital band are extremely rare. CLINICAL CASE: Patient of a 1-year-old male, with no previous history of abdominal surgery or trauma. He suffered with vomiting of bile content and loss of appetite at home three days before admission. On physical examination, he was irritable, with abdominal distention, absence of peristalsis and abdominal tenderness, with no signs of peritoneal irritation being found. The blood count reported leucocytosis and the x-rays show dilated small bowel loops, fluid levels and absence of air in rectal ampulla. An open laparotomy was subsequently performed, and the intraoperative findings were consistent with a congenital band extending from the anti-mesenteric wall of the jejunum to the root of mesentery, compressing the ileum at 50cm from the ileocecal valve, causing ischaemia. The band was ligated and divided, with an uneventful postoperative course. He was discharged 4 days later without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The anomalous congenital band is not associated with abdominal problems, such as remnants of previous laparotomies or embryological structures, such as vitelline vessels or omphalomesenteric yolk duct. These bands seem to have a congenital origin and cause bowel obstruction by trapping between the band and the mesentery. The diagnosis of anomalous congenital band is extremely difficult and no imaging study is useful for the diagnosis, and only exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy is useful for diagnosis and treatment of this problem.

Experiencia con polidactilia preaxial en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría / Experience with preaxial polydactyly at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria

Introducción. La polidactilia se define como un exceso de dígitos o partes en manos o pies. La polidactilia del pulgar (preaxial) es la más común en la población blanca y asiática. Es importante el manejo quirúrgico temprano para evitar deformaciones en el dígito afectado. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes que ingresaron al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría con diagnóstico de polidactilia preaxial en el período de marzo de 2001 a febrero de 2003. Resultados. Se diagnosticaron 57 pacientes, con edad promedio de 19 meses. Predominaron pacientes del sexo masculino (n =41) sobre los del femenino (n =16). Se encontraron 2 pacientes con pulgar duplicado en ambas manos, 39 pacientes en mano derecha y 16 en mano izquierda (total =59). El tipo IV de Wassel fue el más frecuentemente encontrado. A todos los pacientes se les realizó manejo quirúrgico. Se presentaron 10 pacientes (16.94%) con secuelas menores postoperatorias. Conclusiones. La casuística reportada en este trabajo es significativa. La correcta clasificación de esta malformación es importante para realizar una cirugía adecuada que tenga como objetivo la restauración funcional y estética de la mano.

Introduction. Polydactyly is defined as an excess of digits or parts in the hand or foot. Thumb (preaxial) polydactyly is commonly found in white and Asian populations. Early surgical management is important to avoid deformations in the affected digit. Methods. Patients were seen at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria with a diagnosis of preaxial polydactyly during the period from March 2001 to February 2003. Results. Fifty seven patients with an average age of 19 months were observed. We found a prevalence of the masculine (n= 41) in comparison with the feminine gender (n= 16). Two patients had a duplicated thumb on both hands: 39 patients on the right and 16 on the left hand (total= 59 duplicated thumbs). Wassel type IV was the most frequently found polydactyly. All patients had surgical management; 10 patients had minor postsurgical residual deformities. Conclusions. The casuistic reported in this work is significant. Proper classification of this abnormality is important to offer the patient the proper surgery for restoring the hand’s function and aesthetics.

Prótesis auricular externa e implantes osteointegrados: una opción quirúrgica para el tratamiento de deformidades auriculares / Prosthetic reconstruction with osseointegrated implants: the best option for auricular reconstruction. Preliminary report

Introducción. El pabellón auricular es una estructura sofisticada y compleja. La presentación clínica más frecuente de deformidades es la microtia. Los métodos reconstructivos tienen como objetivo reproducir los relieves naturales de la oreja, con resultados estéticos variables. Material y métodos. Pacientes con microtia que acudieron a consulta externa en el período del año 2002 al 2004. Se diseñó la prótesis auricular tomando el modelo de la oreja normal; en caso de microtia bilateral, de un familiar. Se realizó colocación de implantes osteointegrados. Posterior a 6 meses, se colocaron los tornillos de cicatrización para fijación de la prótesis. Resultados. Se incluyeron 34 pacientes con microtia, 20 masculinos y 14 femeninos; edad promedio: 9.5 años. La presentación clínica más frecuente fue microtia unilateral (n =31). Tiempo quirúrgico promedio: 35 min. Se observó adecuada integración de implantes en los pacientes. El resultado estético fue muy satisfactorio. En el seguimiento (1.5 años) se encontró un paciente con cicatrización hipertrófica, ninguna complicación asociada al uso de prótesis ni necesidad de recambio protésico. Conclusiones. La utilización de prótesis auriculares externas e implantes osteointegrados es un método reconstructivo eficiente, con poca morbilidad y excelente resultado estético.

Introduction. The external ear is a sophisticated and complex structure. The most frequent congenital ear deformity is microtia. The different reconstructive methods are focused in reproducing the natural reliefs of the ear, with different aesthetics results. Material and methods. Microtia patients who were seen between 2002 to 2004. The external prosthetic device was designed taking the pattern of the normal ear. In patients with bilateral microtia the ear pattern of a family member was used. Placements of the osseointegrated implants was carried out, and after 6 months of integration the scarring screws were placed in order fix de prosthesis Results. Thirty four microtia patients were included, 20 were males, the median age was 9.5 years. The most frequent clinical presentation was unilateral microtia (n =31). The surgical time for the procedure averaged: 35 min. All patients had appropriate integration of the implant. The aesthetic result of the prosthetic reconstruction was very satisfactory. In the follow-up period (1.5 years) we found an hypertrophic scar in 1 patient, no complications were associated to the use of prosthetic reconstruction and no patient required prosthetic replacement. Conclusions. The prosthetic reconstruction with osseointegrated implants is an efficient reconstructive method, with little morbidity and excellent aesthetic result.

Vólvulus del sigmoides: diez años de experiencia / Volvulos of sigmoid: ten years experience

Objetivo: Describir la presentación clínica, la evolución y los resultados del tratamiento de vólvulus del sigmoides. Sede: Servicio de cirugía general del Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González" México, D.F. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. longitudinal. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron 23 casos de vólvulus en un lapso comprendido entre 1984 y 1994 (10 años). Se analizaron las siguientes variables independientes: Edad, sexo, enfermedades asociadas, tiempo de evolución, constipación, diarrea, dolor abdominal, nausea, vómito, temperatura corporal, frecuencia cardiaca, tensión arterial, ruidos intestinales, contenido ámpula rectal, radiografía de abdomen, de pie y en decúbito, tratamiento no quirúrgico (rectosigmoidoscopia, colon por enema, coloscopia); tratamiento quirúrgico: Técnicas quirúrgicas en cirugía de urgencia y electiva, y sus complicaciones. La variable dependiente analizada fue el vólvulo del sigmoides. El análisis de la información incluyó estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: Los 23 casos de vólvulus analizados representan el 10 por ciento de los pacientes adultos que fueron tratados por obstrucción intestinal en el mismo periodo. La edad promedio fue de 45 años; predominó el sexo masculino con una proporción de 2:1. en 4 pacientes (17 por ciento) se asoció con alguna enfermedad neuropsiquiátrica. El colon por enema se practicó en 5, en dos de ellos se logró la destorsión; a tres se les realizó colonoscopia, se obtuvo la reducción en uno. Los 20 pacientes restantes se operaron en forma urgente. Se encontró gangrena en dos, doble vólvulo (íleon y sigmoides) en uno y úlcera péptica perforada en otro. a cinco pacientes se les efectuó destorsión, a tres sigmoidopexia, a seis resección, procedimiento de Hartmann y colostomía; a cuatro colostomía y fístula mucosa y a tres resección y anastomosis primaria. En forma electiva se practicaron 10 cierres de colostomía. Tres pacientes fallecieron (13.04 por ciento): Uno presentó gangrena del sigmoides que lo llevó a falla orgánica múltiple; el segundo presentó trombosis mesentérica en el post operatorio de sigmoidopexia, el tercero presentó infarto agudo al miocardio al efectuarle, en forma electiva, resección y colo-coloanastomosis. Conclusiones: El 10 por ciento de las obstrucciones intestinales las causó el vólvulo del sigmoides. La edad de presentación fue en promedio de 45 años. Se asoció a enfermedad neuropsiquiátrica en un 17 por ciento. El tratamiento inicial debe ser mediante rectosigmoidoscopia, cuando el colon este viable. La resección con anastomosis primaria en una técnica con baja mortalidad, pero requiere mayor experiencia